IRMAA Medicare Calculator
Key takeaway: If your income two years ago exceeded $109,000 as an individual or $218,000 as a married couple, you'll pay more for Medicare Part B and Part D in 2026 — and the surcharge can add hundreds of dollars per month if you're in a higher income bracket.
Example 1 — Individual earning $95,000 in 2024. Good news: you're below the IRMAA threshold. In 2026, you pay the standard Part B premium of $202.90 per month. No IRMAA surcharge on Part D either. Your annual Part B cost is $2,434.80. This is the rate for individual filers with 2024 modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) at or below $109,000.
Example 2 — Individual earning $130,000 in 2024. You land in the second IRMAA tier (between $109,001 and $137,000 for individual filers). In 2026, you pay $284.10 per month for Part B — that's the standard $202.90 plus a $81.20 surcharge. For Part D, you pay an additional $14.50 per month on top of your plan's premium. Over the year, the IRMAA surcharge costs you an extra $974.40 in Part B costs ($81.20 × 12) plus about $174 more for Part D ($14.50 × 12). Total IRMAA penalty: roughly $1,148 per year compared to the standard rate.
Example 3 — Married couple earning $350,000 jointly in 2024. A joint income of $350,000 falls in the third IRMAA tier for joint filers ($274,001 to $342,000 — wait, at $350,000 this couple actually lands in the fourth tier, between $342,001 and $410,000). Each spouse pays $527.50 per month for Part B — that's the $202.90 standard rate plus a $324.60 surcharge. Each also pays an extra $60.40 per month for Part D. Per spouse, the annual IRMAA surcharge is $3,895.20 for Part B and $724.80 for Part D — about $4,620 per person. For the couple combined, the surcharges total roughly $9,240 per year above what they'd pay at the standard rate. That's a number worth building into your retirement income projections.
Your 2026 Medicare premiums are based on your 2024 MAGI (modified adjusted gross income). Here are all six tiers:
| 2024 MAGI — Individual | 2024 MAGI — Married Filing Jointly | 2026 Part B Premium | Part B Surcharge | Part D Surcharge/mo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ $109,000 | ≤ $218,000 | $202.90/mo | $0 | $0 |
| $109,001 – $137,000 | $218,001 – $274,000 | $284.10/mo | +$81.20/mo | +$14.50/mo |
| $137,001 – $171,000 | $274,001 – $342,000 | $405.80/mo | +$202.90/mo | +$37.50/mo |
| $171,001 – $205,000 | $342,001 – $410,000 | $527.50/mo | +$324.60/mo | +$60.40/mo |
| $205,001 – $500,000 | $410,001 – $750,000 | $649.20/mo | +$446.30/mo | +$83.30/mo |
| ≥ $500,001 | ≥ $750,001 | $689.90/mo | +$487.00/mo | +$91.00/mo |
Note: Married individuals filing separately use a different threshold — check with Social Security for your specific situation. All figures are 2026 premiums based on 2024 MAGI.
| Scenario | Input | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Individual, $95,000 MAGI in 2024 | Below $109,000 threshold, filing single | Standard rate: $202.90/mo Part B, no Part D surcharge |
| Individual, $130,000 MAGI in 2024 | Tier 2, filing single ($109K–$137K) | $284.10/mo Part B (+$81.20), +$14.50/mo Part D — extra $1,148/yr |
| Married couple, $350,000 joint MAGI in 2024 | Tier 4, married filing jointly ($342K–$410K) | $527.50/mo Part B each (+$324.60), +$60.40/mo Part D each — extra ~$9,240/yr combined |
| Individual, $510,000 MAGI in 2024 (top tier) | Tier 6, filing single (≥$500K) | $689.90/mo Part B (+$487.00), +$91.00/mo Part D — extra $6,936/yr |
Yes — and it's worth doing if your income has dropped significantly. Social Security uses your tax return from two years ago, but if you've had a "life-changing event," you can file Form SSA-44 to request a reduction based on more recent income. Life-changing events that qualify include:
Note: A one-time Roth conversion, capital gain, or large distribution does not qualify as a life-changing event. If your income spike was voluntary, you'll likely need to wait until Social Security recalculates using a more recent tax year.
| Decision area | Tool | What it answers |
|---|---|---|
| Enrollment | Initial Enrollment Period Calculator | When your 7-month Medicare eligibility window begins and ends based on your 65th birthday |
| Enrollment | When Should I Sign Up for Medicare? | The best time to enroll based on your work status, other coverage, and age |
| Enrollment | Special Enrollment Period Checker | Whether a life event qualifies you for enrollment outside the standard windows |
| Enrollment | Late Enrollment Penalty Checker | How much extra you'll pay monthly if you missed your enrollment window |
| Enrollment | Part B Penalty Calculator | The exact 10%-per-year premium increase for delayed Part B enrollment |
| Enrollment | Part D Penalty Calculator | The 1%-per-month premium increase for gaps in creditable drug coverage |
| Costs | Cost Scenario Planner | Estimated annual spending across plan types at different health utilization levels |
| Costs | Advantage vs. Medigap Cost Comparison | True cost difference between Medicare Advantage and Original Medicare with Medigap |
| Costs | IRMAA Calculator | Whether your income triggers higher Part B and Part D premiums |
| Costs | Part A Premium Estimator | Your monthly Part A premium based on work history and quarters of coverage |
| Costs | M3P Calculator | How the Medicare Prescription Payment Plan smooths your drug costs into monthly payments |
| Coverage | Doctor & Drug Assessment | Whether your providers and prescriptions are covered by a specific plan |
| Coverage | Part D Shopping Tool | Which Part D plan has the lowest total annual cost for your specific medications |
| Coverage | Travel & Network Risk Assessment | How your coverage works outside your home area and which plan types travel best |
| Employer/COBRA | COBRA vs. Medicare | Why COBRA can trigger permanent Medicare penalties and how costs compare |
| Employer/COBRA | Employer Coverage vs. Medicare | Whether your employer plan or Medicare is primary and when to transition |
| Employer/COBRA | HSA & Medicare Compatibility | How Medicare enrollment affects HSA eligibility and what to do before enrolling |
| Planning | Caregiver Readiness Checklist | Whether you have everything in place to help a loved one with Medicare decisions |
| Planning | Document Gatherer | Which documents you need to have ready before enrolling or changing plans |
| Planning | Medigap Fit Assessment | Whether Medigap or Medicare Advantage is the better fit for how you use healthcare |
| Planning | Medigap Open Enrollment Window | Whether you're inside your one-time guaranteed issue window for Medigap |
| Planning | Medicare Savings Program Eligibility | Whether your income qualifies you for help paying Medicare premiums and cost-sharing |
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